An improperly handled abrasive wheel can cause several dangers. Wheel damage, excessive loading, and glazing are some common dangers of the improper use of an abrasive wheel. That’s why some test is must need before operating an abrasive wheel. But what test should be performed on abrasive wheels?
“Quality test and grinding wheel ring test are important for an abrasive wheel. Quality testing includes outer diameter limit, thickness limit, Aperture limit, tolerance, Parallelism tolerance, flatness, roundness, and cylindricity. Similarly, the ring test is included with checking conductivity and flammability, cracks, black heart, and dumb sounds.”
This guide covers details of abrasive wheels and tools Quizlet tests to protect the abrasion wheels from damage and prevent an unexpected accident.
Related Article: What are abrasive wheels?
Quality tests that should be performed on an abrasive wheel
Outer diameter limit deviation
Knowing the ideal limit deviation for outer diameter can help to ensure the quality of abrasion wheels. Here is the chart of the perfect outer diameter with perfect limit deviation.
| Outside diameter | General grinding wheel limit deviation | Cylindrical grinding wheel |
| Less than or equal to 6 (≤6) | A bit less or more than ±0.5 | __ |
| More than 6 (>6～30) | A bit less or more than ±1 | __ |
| More than 30 (>30～120) | A bit less or more than ±1.5 | __ |
| More than 120 (>120～400) | A bit less or more than ±2.5 | +1 to -4 |
| More than 400 (>400～1000) | A bit less or more than ±4 | +1 to -5 |
| More than 1000 (>1000～2000) | A bit less or more than ±6 | __ |
Thickness limit deviation
Each abrasion wheel has its thickness. But not all thickness is perfect for all types of cutting works. The wheel may damage if you work without knowing the proper portion of thickness deviation. Besides, thickness deviation is related to wheel pressure control.
| Thickness | General grinding wheel | Thickness | Grinding bearing and grinding wheel |
| Less than or equal to 16 (≤16) | A bit less or more than ±0.5 | Less than or equal (≤16) | +0.5 to 0 |
| More than 16 (>16～120) | A bit less or more than ±1.5 | More than 16 (>16～40) | +1.0 to -0.5 |
| More than 120 (>120～400) | A bit less or more than ±2.5 | More than 40 (>40～250) | +1.5 to -0.5 |
| More than 400 (>400～1000) | A bit less or more than ±4 |
Aperture limit deviation
Here is the list of aperture limit deviations for different use purposes. Remember that the A section is ideal for grinding machines to grind only. After then, the B section is perfect for the grinding wheel for grinding and cutting. And C section is an ideal limit deviation for cutting heavier steel billet grinding.
| Aperture | Limit deviation | ||
| A | B | C | |
| Less than 30 (≤30) | +0.16 to 0 | +0.21 to 0 | __ |
| More than 30 (>30～50) | +0.16 to 0 | +0.25 to 0 | __ |
| More than50 (>50～80) | +0.19 to 0 | +0.30 to 0 | __ |
| More than 80 (>80～180) | +0.25 to 0 | +0.40 to 0 | __ |
| More than 180 (>180～250) | +0.29 to 0 | +0.46 to 0 | +0.57 to +0.28 |
| More than 250 (>250～315) | +0.32 to 0 | +0.52 to 0 | +0.65 to +0.33 |
| More than 315 (>315～400) | +0.36 to 0 | +0.57 to 0 | __ |
| More than 400 (>400～500) | +0.40 to 0 | +0.63 to 0 | __ |
Tolerance test
This measurement refers to the allowable deviation based on the standard measurement.
| Foreign economy | Round runout tolerance | |
| End face | Radial | |
| >30～100 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| >100～300 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| >300～500 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Parallelism tolerance and coaxiality tolerance
Here is the ideal measurement of parallelism and coaxiality tolerance of a grinding wheel on both ends.
A section is suitable for grinding tooth surface, grinding thread, grinding groove, grinding crankshaft, grinding bearing channel, and grinding wheel. And B section is perfect for traditional grinding machines.
| Outside diameter | Parallelism tolerance in both ends | Coaxiality tolerance | ||
| A | B | A | B | |
| Less than 30 (≤30) | .2 | .3 | .3 | .3 |
| More than 30 (>30～100) | .4 | .4 | ||
| More than 100 (>100～300) | .4 | .5 | ||
| More than 300 (>300～1000) | .5 | .5 | ||
| More than 1000 (>1000～2000) | .3 | .5 | .5 | .5 |
Cylindricity test
The cylindrical test ensures the straightness of the shaft. A shaft with a cylindrical error can cause bushing or bearing failure.
| Cylindricity | Thickness |
| ≤0.3 | ≤50 |
| ≤0.5 | >50～100 |
| ≤0.8 | >100～250 |
| ≤1.0 | >250 |
Roundness and flatness test
A roundness test is important for the abrasive wheel. Without proper roundness, the abrasive wheel can create louder noise and fail prematurely.
| Flatness | Roundness |
| ≤0.5 | ≤0.3 |
Grinding wheel ring test
How to do a ring test? you have to make sure that there have no cracks and black hearts in the abrasive wheel. That is generally known as ring testing. Besides, it is not good to have any dumb sounds. So, check properly for these factors. Apart from these, rotation balance inspection and balance test should be performed on an abrasive wheel.
Rotation inspection
On the contrary, it is not important to inspect pin grinding, cylindrical grinding, and centerless grinding wheels guide. The outer diameter and rotation velocity is the main consideration for rotation inspection. In the case of rotation inspection, ensure that the outer diameter is D≥150mm and linear rotation velocity is V≥50m / s with D≥100mm outer diameter.
Static balance test:
A grinding wheel with D≥125mm outer diameter and V≥16m / s linear velocity are the main things to consider for the static balance test. But, cylindrical cups, centerless grinding wheels, and bowl-like wheels are unimportant for a balance test.
FAQs
What test should be performed on an abrasive wheel?
There have crucial tests for abrasive wheels. The visual test includes static balance test, rotation inspection, flammability, conductivity, cracks, black heart, and dumb sounds. And quality test includes cylindrical test, roundness flatness test, tolerance test, aperture limit deviation, outer limit deviation, and thickness limit deviation. In short, precise quality tests and visual tests are important for an abrasive wheel.
Can compressed air be used for cleaning as long as it is less than 30 psi?
No, compressed air can’t be used for cleaning as long as it is less than 30 psi. Compressed air below 30 psi is recommended for all static conditions. Note that compressed air dislodges harmful particles when it is up to 30 psi. As a result, particles can rupture the lungs, intestines, and stomach. Moreover, it can seriously injure the mouth, skin, and eyes.
Closing thought
I hope you got the points that what tests should be performed on abrasive wheels. Quality testing is very important, as well as visual inspection. Although many often ignore quality testing, it can cause danger for using an abrasive wheel. Because improperly handled abrasive wheels can damage themselves and cause danger to the user. Always remember to obey abrasive wheel safety guards when testing. You can ask us as many questions as you want about the test of the abrasive wheel. We will always be happy to help you with the right information.
